(USMLE topics) ACS: Symptoms, risk factors, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis (ECG and cardiac markers), treatments. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/cardiac-pathology/-/medias/30984947-aca5-453d-b1ae-f3a9e1f6a07d-acute-coronary-syndrome-acs-unstable-angina-nstemi-and-stem Voice by: Marty Henne ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved. Support us on Patreon and get early access to videos and free image downloads: patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Acute coronary syndrome, ACS, is a group of conditions that occur when blood supply to an area of the heart muscle, the myocardium, is suddenly reduced or blocked. Reduced blood supply is termed ischemia. A prolonged ischemia can lead to death of the heart tissue, known as heart attack or myocardial infarction. A typical symptom of ACS is central chest pain or discomfort that may spread to the back, jaw, left shoulder or arm. The pain may also be felt in the abdomen and can be mistaken for indigestion. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, heavy sweating, nausea, palpitations, and fainting. Women and older people often have atypical symptoms. Chest pain is not reported in about 30% of cases. About 20% of patients have mild or no symptoms. Risk factors include: aging, family history of heart diseases, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diets, and psychosocial stress. The most common cause of ACS is the formation of a blood clot in an artery already narrowed by an atherosclerotic plaque. Plaques are deposits of lipids, fibrous tissue and calcium, that accumulate slowly overtime. A plaque may become inflamed and rupture, exposing substances that promote coagulation, producing a blood clot on top of the plaque. Less common causes include coronary artery embolism, coronary spasms, and coronary artery dissection. Depending on the location and the extent of obstruction, one of the following conditions may result: – Unstable angina, – Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI, – Or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI. These conditions are differentiated based on ECG findings and cardiac marker levels. Markers are substances released into the bloodstream upon death of cardiac myocytes. Cardiac troponins are the markers of choice as they become elevated early in the disease process. The amount of troponin released is proportional to the infarct size. Most patients with infarction show elevated troponin levels within 6 hours. Troponin assay is usually done on presentation and then repeated a few hours later. Unstable angina is basically ischemia without infraction. It impairs cardiac function but has not caused cell death. ECG changes are absent or transient. Cardiac troponin levels remain normal, or only slightly elevated. It should be noted, however, that this condition is clinically unstable and often precedes a myocardial infarction. NSTEMI is infraction that is limited to the inner layer of the ventricular wall. Cardiac marker levels are elevated as a result of myocardial cell death. ECG changes may include ST-segment depression, or T-wave inversion, but not ST-segment elevation. STEMI is infarction that extends the entire thickness of the myocardium. STEMI results from a complete and persistent occlusion of blood flow. ECG findings show a characteristic ST-segment elevation. There is usually a reciprocal ST depression in the electrically opposite leads. The location of infarction can be identified based on the leads with ST elevation. Cardiac markers are elevated. All patients with suspected ACS are treated promptly with antiplatelets (usually aspirin), angina medications (usually nitroglycerin) and supplemental oxygen if required. Once diagnosis is confirmed, anticoagulants, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statin are usually initiated within 24 hours unless otherwise contraindicated. For STEMI patients, emergency percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI, is the preferred procedure to restore blood flow. If PCI is not available, a fibrinolytic therapy is usually initiated at the earliest possible time. For patients with unstable angina or NSTEMI, an angiography to identify sites of blockage may be done within 24 to 48 hours if the patient is clinically stable and the case is uncomplicated. For complicated cases, angiography must be done immediately. Fibrinolytic therapies are not indicated for NSTEMI patients.

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Unstable Angina, NSTEMI and STEMI (Heart Attack), Animation
- Post author:admin
- Post published:October 7, 2021
- Post category:Uncategorized
- Post comments:0 Comments
You Might Also Like

Try This Rear Delt Exercise Next Shoulder Day

No Bull BCAA Tablets by Raw Barrel Supplements (Best BCAA Tablets/Pills?)

Warm-up Before Push-Up Workout

How To: Seated Leg Press (Cybex)

What is BMR and how does it effect my HCG diet?

Marathon Video – 4

How to get rid of Man Boobs? Workout and Diet Tips.

Top 5 Best Amino Acids Supplements 2016 First Half | MassiveJoes.com | Intra-Workout Acid

Rheumatoid Arthritis Of Hands: Symptoms, Signs, Treatment

Alternate Knee Touch-4

Creatine From a Medical Point of View

Skating Video – 3

Dermatology/Skin Surgeries Video – 1

Chest Workout: Push-Ups

How to Give a Mini Dose of Glucagon | Cincinnati Children’s

Incline Bench Press-5

3D Heart on a Cardiac CT scan

How Often Should I Train? | Volume, Intensity & Overtraining

Proper Breathing Exercise to Strengthen Lungs to Keep Healthy – Dr Mandell

Back Exercise Swiss-Ball Reverse Hyperextension Exercise

Wrestling Strength “Heavy Circuit” Training

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

Grow Taller Exercises: Top 10 Best Stretching Exercises to Increase Height & Get or Grow Taller

Silymarin – Liver Protection, Cancer Prevention

What is Fish Oil? Omega-3 Benefits & Side Effects Review by Guru Mann

Jaundice and Neonatal Jaundice Explained- What is it and How do babies get Jaundice?

Pregnancy Exercises Video – 5

Physiology | Endocrine| lecture 11 | part 1 | Glucagon & DM | Dr.Nagi | Arabic

How To Do Preacher Curls Properly

Triceps Pulley Extension-5

Introduction to Female Reproductive Anatomy – 3D Anatomy Tutorial

Branches of Physiotherapy Video – 21

Clomid update cd 14

Swimming Muscle Groups used

How to Do Triceps Dumbbell Extensions

Oxygen, Antioxidants, and Free Radicals

Erector Spinae Back Extension-5

DESI- ||V-Shape Back Workout|| ⚫||NO EXCUSE||

What Other Trainers Will Not Tell You: Building Huge Quads. Leg Press Done Right.

Tricep Dips
